What to Do if You Are a Person of Interest in a Federal Investigation

 Posted on February 06, 2025 in Federal Crimes

Being named a "person of interest" in a federal criminal investigation can feel like serious business, and it is. If federal agents or prosecutors have contacted you, it is crucial to understand what you might be up against. Federal investigations are complex, and even if you believe you have done nothing wrong, speaking to authorities without a lawyer can put you at risk. An Illinois federal criminal defense attorney with experience in white-collar cases can protect your rights and help you figure out what to do next.

What Does It Mean to Be a Person of Interest?

A "person of interest" is someone federal law enforcement believes may have information about a crime and is often used to draw the public’s attention to someone without formally accusing them of committing the crime. While this term does not mean someone is a suspect, it does suggest that investigators are watching that person closely. In many cases, a person of interest may later become a suspect, especially if law enforcement uncovers evidence linking them to illegal activity.

Federal agencies such as the FBI, IRS Criminal Investigation Division, and the SEC often investigate financial crimes, fraud, and other white-collar offenses. If you have been identified as a person of interest in a case involving securities fraud, wire fraud, tax evasion, or another federal offense, you should consult a defense attorney immediately.

Stages of a Federal Criminal Investigation

Federal investigations follow a structured process. Understanding the steps involved can help you prepare for what lies ahead.

Initial Investigation

Federal agencies gather information from various sources, including financial records, business transactions, and witness interviews. You may not even be aware that an investigation is underway at this stage.

Subpoenas and Grand Jury Proceedings

If investigators believe you have relevant information, they may issue a subpoena requiring you to provide documents or testify before a grand jury. A grand jury determines whether there is enough evidence to bring formal charges.

Search Warrants and Surveillance

Federal agents may obtain a search warrant to seize business records, computers, or other evidence. They may also conduct surveillance, including monitoring emails and phone calls. If law enforcement executes a search warrant at your home or business, do not resist. Instead, contact a federal defense attorney immediately.

Target Letter or Arrest

If the government believes you committed a crime, you may receive a target letter informing you that you are under investigation. In some cases, federal agents may make an arrest without prior notice. At this stage, prosecutors are likely preparing to file formal charges.

Do You Need a Federal Criminal Defense Attorney Even if You Have Not Been Formally Charged?

Federal crimes carry severe penalties, including prison time, heavy fines, and asset forfeiture. Unlike state prosecutions, federal cases involve highly trained investigators and aggressive prosecutors with vast resources. If you are a person of interest, having a skilled defense attorney is critical. Your lawyer can:

• Advise you on how to respond to subpoenas and interviews

• Protect your rights during grand jury proceedings

• Challenge improper search warrants or evidence collection

• Negotiate with federal prosecutors to avoid charges or reduce penalties

Schedule a Free Consultation with a Chicago, IL Federal Criminal Defense Attorney

If you are under federal investigation, do not wait until charges are filed to seek legal counsel. A proactive defense strategy can make all the difference. Contact Law Offices of Hal M. Garfinkel LLC, Chicago Criminal Defense Attorney at 312-629-0669 for a free consultation and let our experienced Illinois federal criminal defense attorney protect your future.